County Bridewell, Chesterfield, Derbyshire
A Derbyshire County Bridewell, or House of Correction, was erected in Chesterfield in 1614, on the banks of the River Hipper "in a low, damp situation."
In 1784, John Howard wrote:
This house, given, as I was informed, to the county for a bridewell, was built in 1614. For men, a room or cellar 17 feet square under the keeper's house; down 8 steps; but level with the ground behind it: provision generally put through a hole in the floor, 6 inches square. A room for women up stairs. No straw. Nothing allowed by the county for conveyance to quarter actions. Keeper's salary, now £30. No fees: no allowance: no employment. Clauses against spirituous liquors not hung up. A court is now made from one of the keeper's gardens; and there is a cellar for the women, of the same dimensions as that for the men, in which I saw a sick object. committed for bastardy.
1776, Jan. 10, Prisoners 2. | 1779, May 14, Prisoner 1. Impressed 3. Deserter, 1. |
1776, Oct. 28, Prisoners 1. | 1782, Jan. 24, Prisoners 3. Deserter 1. |
In 1812, James Neild wrote:
Keeper, Daniel Glossop, a Cabinet-Maker. Salary, 30l. Fees, 28. Garnish, 1s. for Coals.
Chaplain, none; nor any religious attentions.
Surgeon, Mr. John Cartledge.
Number of Prisoners, 1805, Oct. 11th, Four. The average number annually confined here is Twelve.
Allowance, a four-penny loaf per day each; except when they work, so as to supply themselves from their earnings.
This Bridewell, by the date in front, appears to have been built in 1614. It has three court-yards, one for the Men, and one for Women, of 45 feet by 15 each: the third a small one for the Women also, of 10 yards by 5,with a room in it about 12 feet square, in which I found a woman employed in stocking weaving.
Here are likewise two day rooms- with fire-places, 15 feet square. The Men Prisoners have one sleeping-cell upon the ground-floor, and two others above, each about 12 feet square; also a dark cell, of 9 feet square, set apart for Solitary Confinement. Half a guinea per annum is allowed for coals, to heat flues for warming the cells.
The Women-Prisoners both sleep and work in their day-room, where spinning wheels are provided for them by the County; and whatever they earn is their own. They have wooden bedsteads, with loose straw, two blankets, and a rug each.
The Gaol is well supplied with water, to which all the Prisoners have access.
A room in the Keeper's House was appropriated to two French Prisoners in October 1805. Its size, 14 feet by 12, with fire-place,furniture,featherbed ,&c.
The Act for Preservation of Health, and Clauses against the use of Spirituous Liquors, not hung up.
After the opening of new County Gaol and House of Correction at Derby in 1828, the Chesterfield premises continued in use as a local local lock-up.
In 1860, new House of Correction was erected on Marsden Street, off Saltergate, presumably in association with the county police station at the same location.
Records
Note: many repositories impose a closure period of up to 100 years for records identifying individuals. Before travelling a long distance, always check that the records you want to consult will be available.
- Derbyshire Record Office, New Street, Matlock, Derbyshire.
- The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU. Has a wide variety of crime and prison records going back to the 1770s, including calendars of prisoners, prison registers and criminal registers.
- Find My Past has digitized many of the National Archives' prison records, including prisoner-of-war records, plus a variety of local records including Manchester, York and Plymouth. More information.
- Prison-related records on Ancestry UK include Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951, and local records from London, Swansea, Gloucesterhire and West Yorkshire. More information.
- The Genealogist also has a number of National Archives' prison records. More information.
Bibliography
- Higginbotham, Peter The Prison Cookbook: A History of the English Prison and its Food (2010, The History Press)
- Brodie, A. Behind Bars - The Hidden Architecture of England's Prisons (2000, English Heritage)
- Brodie, A., Croom, J. & Davies, J.O. English Prisons: An Architectural History (2002, English Heritage)
- Harding, C., Hines, B., Ireland, R., Rawlings, P. Imprisonment in England and Wales (1985, Croom Helm)
- McConville, Sean A History of English Prison Administration: Volume I 1750-1877 (1981, Routledge & Kegan Paul)
- Morris, N. and Rothman, D.G. (eds.) The Oxfod History of the Prison (1997, OUP)
- Pugh R.B. Imprisonment in Medieval England (1968, CUP)
Links
- Prison Oracle - resources those involved in present-day UK prisons.
- GOV.UK - UK Government's information on sentencing, probation and support for families.
Except where indicated, this page () © Peter Higginbotham. Contents may not be reproduced without permission.